History of Zen and Japanese Gardens Free Essays

The specialty of Japanese nurseries goes back to in any event 592 AD, during the rule of Empress Suiko. There is recorded proof that proposes the workmanship had really been advancing some time before at that point, in light of the fact that these early gardens were very much evolved. Early gardens contained counterfeit slopes, fancy pools, and numerous different highlights of Japanese gardens today. We will compose a custom exposition test on History of Zen and Japanese Gardens or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now The main significant improvement throughout the entire existence of Japanese nurseries came in the Nara time frame (646-794 AD), when exchange with China started vigorously. This carried numerous progressions to Japanese culture, and much progressively expand cultivates in the mansions of Japanis exclusive class. These nurseries included creatures, winged animals and fish to give development, and were utilized as locales for blowouts and gatherings given by aristocrats. As the interest with different societies started to wear off in the Heian time frame (794-1185 AD), the individuals who could bear to assemble gardens had a reestablished enthusiasm for customary Japanese styles and customs. This change brought an exquisite blend of Chinese traditions and Japanese style to gardens, known as Shinden. The format of these nurseries was directed by fantasy and legend; for instance, streams needed to run from east to west on the grounds that in old Chinese legend, the East was the wellspring of immaculateness and the West was the outlet of contaminations. Japanese nursery. Relatively few changes were made to the Shinden style until the center of the Kamakura time frame (1185-1392) when Zen Buddhist clerics started making gardens for contemplation rather than simply for diversion. Beautification was made light of for thoughtful characteristics; plants in this time would in general incorporate stones, water and evergreens, staying consistent consistently. This moderate hypothesis was conveyed to considerably more noteworthy boundaries in the Muromachi and Higashiyama periods (1392-1573) when nurseries contained just stones. Made in the style of the monochrome scene compositions mainstream during the time, these nurseries utilized uniquely picked stones as similitudes for objects in nature. Likewise created during this time was the level nursery, or the Hira-niwa. During the Momoyama time frame, doubtlessly as a response to the thriftiness of the Zen garden plan, regal gardens by and by got energetic and rich. These nurseries were brimming with slopes, cascades, and an assortment of plants. In any case, the old Zen custom lived on in tea gardens. Strolling gardens were designed, developed in order to be satisfying to the eye from any point, and ways must be woven into the structure of the nursery itself. The outcome, straight up to the present day, is an incredible assortment in Japanese nurseries. From Zen rock nurseries to tea nurseries to strolling gardens, the specialty of Japanese nurseries is still especially alive. The most effective method to refer to History of Zen and Japanese Gardens, Papers

Security Plan for ABC Information Systems Research Paper

Security Plan for ABC Information Systems - Research Paper Example Security Plan for ABC Information Systems No. of words Unit name: Student’s name: Student number: Study Period: DECLARATION This task is a unique one and not a copy from an alternate framework. No duplication or any propagation of this security plan data framework record ought to be managed without consent from the creator. Candidate†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Supervisor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Sign†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ... oldings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..14 Physical counter-measures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.14 Human counter-measures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 Electronic counter-measures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 Security training and mindfulness programme†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦19 Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..19 Security Plan for ABC Information Systems Introduction A data framework shapes a key segment in the arrangement of correspondence administrations to people. In view of the definition, it is very predominant that the contribution of crude information, yield and input are a portion of the parts of a viable data framework (Bentley and Whitton, 2007). As indicated by the control of PC sciences and data innovation, a data framework can be characterized as the blend of programming, equipment, media communications, HR, systems and approaches utilized in the association to change over information to helpful business data and databases. This paper will examine a likely security plan for ABC data frameworks. Foundation data of ABC has an entrenched security group which targets administering the security of the data frameworks in both purposeful and incidental dangers. The execution and support of data frameworks inside associations is incredibly costly. Notwithst anding, satisfactory arranging empowers the association to build up a successful data framework. Research attests that most associations spend around 6% of their all out gross salary in creating and keeping up a powerful

What Are Compound Words

What Are Compound Words Compound words consist of two words which can be used independently, but when joined together as one word or with a hyphen, form a new word. The funny thing with this is it can be quite hard to spot compound words. Think about the word airport. It consists of two base words: air and port, but we are so used to using the word as one word, most of us dont really notice its a compound word. Closed Form Compound Words Airport is an example of a closed form compound word. The two words are joined together without a hyphen or a space. Some other examples of closed form compound words include: Baseball Windfall Extraordinary Metaphysical Worldwide Northwest Stockbroker Sailboat Railway Wildcat Birthday Open From Compound Words These words look a lot like two independent words, but they arent because they describe a single thing. Here are a few examples of open form compound words you are likely familiar with: Flight attendant Super tanker African American Light year Post office Real estate Truck driver Middle class Attorney general High school Vice president Think about it. If you took either the first or the second word out of the two-word combo, it would no longer mean the same thing. Is little sister a compound word? No, it isnt. Take the word little away, and you still have a sister. You both have the same parents. Now take flight away from flight attendant. Does it still mean the same thing? No, it doesnt. A flight attendant has a very specific job. An attendant can be any person who attends to your needs. It isnt even necessarily a job. As for the vice president, he or she may be happy to be promoted to president, but that hasnt happened. Hyphenated Compound Words Heres where it all gets rather tricky. Some hyphenated compounds are always hyphenated (jack-in-the-box) but others may be hyphenated on certain occasions and are not hyphenated at other times. Sometimes, you may hyphenate for clarity. For example: Old furniture salesman Old-furniture salesman In the first example, it isnt clear whether the salesman or the furniture are old. For all we know, the phrase may be describing an elderly salesman. Example two is clearer. We can see that the furniture is old, and we dont have to worry about offending the salesman by accidentally creating the wrong impression. To a certain extent, its a matter of frequency of usage. For example, we are so accustomed to used car salesmen, that we wouldnt even wonder whether the word used refers to the car or the guy. Now check this out: Example 1 She was a part-time teacher. The teacher worked part time. Example 2 It was a very high-speed chase. The chase was very high speed. High-speed and Part-time are known as modifiers. They modify nouns. When a modifier appears before a noun, you would hyphenate it. When it appears after the noun, you dont bother with hyphenating. Other modifiers that are sometimes hyphenated, and sometimes not: Five-yard-long Fire-resistant Short-term Good-looking Blue-grey Second-rate The decision of whether to hyphenate or not is based on the location of the noun these compound words modify. When Never to Use a Hyphen (plus exceptions) A word ending in ly will rarely form part of a hyphenated compound. Think about word combinations like: Newly minted Hotly contested But when you are using a whole phrase as an adjective, you might use hyphens all the same: The ever-so-slightly embarrassed salesman continued with his pitch. Compounds with prefixes such as pre, post or mid are usually used in the closed form: Postpartum Preeminent Midseason But there are masses of exceptions to this rule, so its best to check using a dictionary. If you arent able to check a dictionary, you can work around the issue. For instance, if youre not sure whether mid-June should be hyphenated, you could also say the middle of June. As a bonus, this helps with word count. Compounds That Always Have Hyphens You can be sure of these ones. They arent nearly as hard to pin down: Numbers from twenty-one to ninety-nine Fractions expressed completely in numbers: Two-thirds or one-third, but a third is a third and doesnt need a hyphen. Self, Ex and All when used as prefixes will require a hyphen: ex-president, self-expression, all-knowing. Style, elect, free and based will usually be preceded by a hyphen when used as suffixes: French-style, president-elect, Chicago-based. Compounds can be complicated. Almost all the work you read on compounds will tell you that open versus hyphenated forms are complicated. Most of them suggest a dictionary check when youre unsure, and I dont think theres any shame in that. I find it pretty confusing too. Nevertheless, I hope this blog post will put you on the road to knowing when to use the hyphen and when you not to do so.

The United States History of Building Construction and Fire Safety Research Paper

The construction industry in the United States has undergone major changes in the recent past. There have been major improvements in the construction of modern buildings which has provided international architectural designs   and strong construction materials that could assist buildings withstand fire hazards. The responsibility of ensuring safety in buildings and especially sky scrappers that have become the symbols of modern urban landscape lies squarely on engineers and architects. In drawing the architectural designs, the safety of the building and its occupants must always be borne in mind. This results from the fact that we have construction codes and other safety measures and equipment to ensure that these buildings are free from dangers of either fire or earthquakes. That is why there are building codes and specific safety measures and devices to make the buildings safe from danger disasters in many parts of the world and especially china and the US result from either fire or earthquakes although other causes may be due to human factors like carelessness and terrorist attacks like the one witnessed in the US in September 11th 2001 in which two major building were brought down by terrorists. Building and construction planning in the United States has undergone tremendous improvements and adjustments to meet the internationally accepted safety standards in a bid to reduce loss of life and property in case of either a natural calamity or terrorist attacks. Safety of people from fire disasters is of prime importance and has in fact been the most important challenge to the building and construction firms. The major objective of all stake holders in the construction industry is to ensure conformity with the generally accepted codes of safety to avoid losses of lives and property incase of unforeseen disasters such as fire and the common earthquakes experienced in most parts of the world and especially the Middle East. These fires are investigated and an analysis carried out on the factors that are responsible for such disasters. These investigations are instituted to establish the likely technical, operational or other probable causes of such failures. The objectives of such investigations are usually to ensure that improvements are made to these buildings either through their architectural designs or construction materials. Historical changes in the building and construction in the context of fire safety and Prevention Experts in fire protection have embraced technological developments in the designing of means to secure people and property from loss in the event of a fire .Architectural designs of new buildings or simply renovations of older existing buildings have laid more emphasis on fire protection as a result of the many incidents of fire damages that have occurred in the past in the US. In fact, fire protection engineering is one of the fastest growing disciplines in the 21st century. Fire protection engineering has developed tremendously over the last couple of years. Early application of this discipline was centered on preventing conflagrations that had the potential of destroying a whole city. In the early 20th century, the major focus of fire protection engineering shifted to limiting fire to the original building. Recent changes in this field have placed sprinkler systems in residential homes and the future could bring regulations to include sprinkler systems in all newly built houses and in houses that are to be renovated. All of these changes are due to past fire incidents that have destroyed property or even worse taken lives.   . Today, fire protection engineering deals not only with the prevention of fires but also carries out intensive campaigns on educating people on the measures that they could take at individual level to reduce chances of fire incidents. The events of September 11th 2001 On September 11th 2001, the United States woke up to the most shaking news in the history of the US. Terrorists had attacked and destroyed the twin towers in pentagon and the world trade centre. The attacks were executed after the hijacking of four commercial airlines. With thousands of gallons of jet fuel aboard, these planes were turned into flying bombs. The destruction the impact caused alone to the structural integrity of the buildings was astronomical. However the major hot fire that burned for 2 hours and eventually helped to bring the buildings down caused the deaths of 343 of New York’s bravest and subsequently killed a total of 2595 innocent victims.. This unfortunate event led to a revision of the fire protection rules, codes and practices. After the September 11th incident, A virtual High rise task force was created which included engineers, architects and for the first time fire personnel to discuss and create new regulations for high rise buildings and to come up with a solution to conform   the over 900 existing high rise structures in NYC. The task force agreed that widespread but less costly changes would be required in virtually every city high-rise. All buildings would have to meet a new and higher standard for things like the visibility of exit signs, emergency lighting and fluorescent markings in escape stairwells. The reliability of emergency radio communications within high-rise buildings would have to be improved, perhaps by allowing firefighters to tap into internal building radio systems.   All buildings are also required to have pre installed fire alarm systems. These alarm systems should be installed above minimum requirements. Such systems will ensure that the slightest incidents of fire are detected. Smoke detectors are also required to be installed in every building under construction in the United States. There should be at least four smoke detectors per floor but there should never be any manual initiation devices. To avoid smoke recirculation, return grilles should be installed in all the buildings. One novel measure would force all high-rise developers to create refuges in elevator vestibules where people trapped in a fire could safely congregate and await rescue. The measure would rely on fireproof walls and doors and a significant emphasis was placed on smoke control and removal using HVAC systems to control the movement of air. Emergency power should also be available for exit from the buildings and egress light must be present for fire fighting. These new codes also require the installation of class E alarms and also the presence of voice communication systems in all the buildings. All the above measures have either been discussed or put in place as a result of the terrorist attack on the world trade Centre on September 11th 2001. . Laws have also been put in place to ensure that all the above codes are adhered to. The events of September 11th opened a lot of eyes in the field of building construction and fire prevention. On the other hand, the federal government and local jurisdictions have invested a lot into their fire fighting equipment to ensure that the impact of any fires is reduced to the minimum levels possible. Fire departments across the nation have focused a lot of their training on dealing with high rise fires due to the events of Sept 11th Besides the above issues, the constriction rules have been amended to ensure quality of the construction materials established before construction begins. The architectural designs must also be approved before construction begins to ensure that all the buildings constructed meet the fire and safety requirements as required by legislation. Conclusion The United States has made numerous amendments to the codes and practices relating to fire safety to ensure that everyone is safe from these hazards. Fire fighters with modern equipment are also available to contain any fires from which ever angle from the ground to the air, the have undergone vigorous training including administering first aid. With these measures in place, it’s the responsibility of the citizens of this nation to ensure that they abide by the rules and regulations stipulated in the act and to notify the federal fire fighting department as soon as fire occurs in their residences or places of work so that sufficient action is taken to reduce loses of life and property and make America a safe place to live.

Mental Health Nursing Essay - 1248 Words

Nursing practice has revolutionized itself throughout the years. Today we realize the causes of current illnesses as complex and multifaceted (source). In past models, for instance the medical model, the approach was straightforward and neglected the patients active involvement in their care; the patient was viewed as the passive recipient and the doctor, an active agent that â€Å"fixed† their patients. ( source). New developed models since then, such as the biopsychosocial model, show us that care focuses on many factors. The model demonstrates understanding of how suffering, disease, and illness can be associated by many factors seen at the different levels in society and the medical sciences (source). Caring for each component is†¦show more content†¦An illustration of the holistic approach can be seen in the humanistic and interactional perspective. The two views show the importance of blending both physical and mental factors. The humanistic view allows us to see and understand the â€Å"theory of life† based on highlighted premises such as the human being mind invisibly connected to the human body (source). This specific premise shows us the mind- body relationship in holistic view. The interactionism view allows us to see †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ An understanding of the two views can demonstrated Application of the holistic approach can be seen in the Biopsychosocial model used today in psychiatric and mental health nursing. The interdependent domains, biological (physical functioning), psychological (thoughts feelings and, behavior), and social (influence from family and communities) all come together with each having its own knowledge and treatment focus for the patient (source pg. 70). According to Stainback and Stainback (1988), holistic portrayal of events, procedures, and viewpoints in settings is often considered necessary to make accurate situational decisions. The approach helps to better understand the needs of patients so accurate care can be given. Therefore, when caring for a patient with a mental health illness, using a model such as the Biopsychosocial model is a good framework to reflect a good understanding of recognizing human beingsShow MoreRelatedThe Mental Health Of Psychiatric Nursing1461 Words   |  6 Pagesname of Ryan Eads who has had exper ience with the mental health for the past 10 years. Eads is currently employed in Rockford IL, at Swedish American Hospital. Prior to our interview I researched online just what questions to ask and familiarize myself on basic terms to better understand what Mr. Eads would be informing me of. While researching I found that Psychiatric nursing encompasses a fully holistic care model. A Psychiatric mental health (PMH) nurse must assess and integrate a patient’s medicalRead MoreThe Ethics Of Mental Health Nursing1596 Words   |  7 Pagesthe ethics of mental health nursing, I intend to demonstrate how clinical decision making mental health nursing is formulated based on the chosen moral principles of beneficence, non-maleficence and ‘respect for autonomy’ (NHS, 2015). I will also be considering the influence of consequentialist theory in mental health nursing, as I believe this to be the ethical core of the debate. Consequentialist theory dictates that moral justification for the clinical rationale process by health professionalsRead MoreEssay about A Career in Mental Health Nursing1383 Words   |  6 Pagesstudents choose the usual careers: nursing, doctors, mechanics, or just working at a gas station. It all depends on where and if the student decides to go to college and what degree they are looking forward to earning. Becoming a mental health nurse would be a good choice because it pays very well. Students are recommended to go to college and get their Bachelors and Masters’ degree. It will take a lot of studies but it will be worth it. â€Å"Most of us take our mental health for granted. But just as our bodiesRead MoreThe Global Issue Of Mental Health And Shortage Of Nursing Staff1692 Words   |  7 Pagesthe global issue of mental health and shortage of nursing staff. Mental health is not the primary choice of nursing students when they graduate, and there is a shortage of psychiatric nurses as the older generation is coming closer to retirement. Across the states in Australia, studies have been conducted by Registered Nurses to survey and analyze nursing students and their field of preference after graduation. From the studies analyzed in this literature review, mental health has the least numberRead MoreReflection on mental health nursing placement using Gibbs (1988) model of reflection1694 Words   |  7 Pagesreflective essay based on my attendance at a multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting whilst on my two-week placement at a local mental health day hospital. The aim of this essay is to discuss the importa nce of the multidisciplinary team within the mental health environment and discuss factors that can influence the success or failure of multidisciplinary teams. Mental health teams generally comprise of psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, nurses, occupational therapists and social workers, but otherRead MoreQualitative Critical Appraisal, Attitudes Knowledge and Skills Needed in Mental Health Nursing1941 Words   |  8 PagesI have chosen to critique Rydon’s (2005) article ‘The attitudes, knowledge and skills needed in mental health nurses: The perspective of users of mental health services’ because I am interested in finding out service user’s outlook of mental health nurses. When I qualify as a mental health nurse I would need to acquire the correct attitudes, knowledge and skills as this would make the nursing process more effective, because as McCabe and Timmons (2006) suggest I will be more sensitive to the client’sRead MoreAdult Nursing And Mental Health1371 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In this assignment I will be discussing Adult Nursing and Mental Health Nursing and issues regarding consent. Consent is important within all fields of nursing as it is essential to conduct any medical procedures. The Nursing and Midwifery Council Code of Conduct (NMC,2008) states that all healthcare professionals must presume that all patients have the mental capacity to accept or deny medical treatments after being given all information which may be needed. However there may be someRead MoreEthical Issues in Mental Health Nursing2624 Words   |  11 PagesAccountability Analysis of a dilemma in practice â€Å"Sally and the Health Visitor† Dip HE Mental Health Nursing Word count: 1,957. Contents page Introduction | 1 | Autonomy | 1 | Beneficence | 3 | Nonmaleficence | 4 | Justice | 4 | Conclusion | 5 | Bibliography | 6 | Introduction This discussion paper will look at the ethical issues surrounding decision making as nurses, in a given scenario (Sally and the health visitor). Ethics is defined by Johnstone (2008) as â€Å"A way to thinkRead MoreEssay on Nursing concept map for mental health2639 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿ Care Plan 2 Psychiatric/Mental Health PATIENT CARE PLAN Client Initials: H.C. Admission Date: 01/14/13 Unit: 4 South Age: 28 Sex: Female Race/Culture: Caucasian ASSESSMENT Presenting Problem: This is a 28 year-old Caucasian female who was admitted to Doctors Hospital Psychiatric Unit 4 South due to an overdose on multiple medications. The patient was found by the police on JanuaryRead MorePsychological Approaches Within Mental Health Nursing3213 Words   |  13 Pages Module No: U41371 Student No: 12035785 Title: Psychological Approaches within Mental health Nursing. Introduction This case study applies the core principles Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) as an intervention in management of patients with depression. The outline will follow a chronological order of ABC analysis case formulation describing the patient’s main problems and the therapeutic approaches that may be adopted namely; Behavioural activation (BA), CBT and Inter-personal Therapy (IPT)

Gender, Stereotypes, And Stereotypes Essay - 1434 Words

At a young age, we are taught to adhere to norms and are restricted to conform to society’s given rules. We are taught that straying away from stereotypes is anything but good and encouraged to build our lives upon only these social rules. Recently, stereotypes based on genders have been put into the limelight and have become of high interest to a generation that is infamously known for deviating from the established way of life. Millennials have put gender roles under fire, deeming it a form of segregation and discrimination by gender. Researchers have followed suit. Mimicking millennial interests, numerous studies have been published that detail the relationship between gender, stereotypes, and the effects of the relationship between the two. Furthermore, gender roles have been used as a lens to study socialization; tremendous amounts of interest have prompted studies on the inheritance and dissemination of norms, culture, and ideologies based on the stereotypes that cloud g ender. For sociologists, determining the extent of the impact of gender stereotypes on socializing our population has become a paramount discussion. Amidst many articles, the work of Karniol, Freeman, and Adler Kless were standouts and between the three pieces, childhood served as a common thread; more specifically, these researchers studied how gender roles impact socialization from such a young age. Rachel Karniol of Tel Aviv University shares her research in Sex Roles (2011) in a piece titledShow MoreRelatedStereotypes And Stereotypes Of Gender Stereotypes1588 Words   |  7 Pagestoday holds many stereotypes, and sometimes people will rebel against the stereotypes in order to embrace the individual and oppose social norms. However, some stereotypes are harder to rebel against than other. A stereotype that might be harder to break, either because the people who believe in that stereotype are too ignorant to look past it or because the people who need to rebel are not able to, is gender based stereotypes. One example of this type of stereotype is when gender roles appear inRead MoreStereotypes And Stereotypes Of Gender Stereotypes Essay939 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween which gender was more superior than the other. Males won the battle of the sexes and women had to fight hard for their freedom of equality and right to vote. Even though today women are no longer restricted, like they were once were, they are still unable to achieve their dreams. This is from the gender role-stereotypes. These stereotypes affect their everyday life, school work, and even career choices. Question are often asked about gender stereotypes like ‘Where did these stereotypes first originateRead MoreGender Stereotypes : Gender And Stereotypes Essay1973 Words   |  8 PagesGender stereotypes emerge across time and throughout different cultures and typically they are ascribed to individuals in order to conform to sociocultural ideas and biological norms (Johnston Diekman, 2015). This behaviour is often influenced upon individual s in the earliest stages of life when a infant is not yet capable of expressing his or her own preferences in terms of gender identity, leaving the young child s parents and other adults to choose for them (Pomerleau, et al., 1990).Read MoreGender Stereotypes1352 Words   |  6 Pagesname of Tyler. I am a walking victim of Gender Stereotyping. For as long as I can remember I have been stereotyped by my name and always have heard â€Å"Tyler is a boy nameà ¢â‚¬ , â€Å"I thought you were a boy when I heard your name† growing up my name was always questioned and people always would ask me the question of â€Å"why did your mom name you Tyler?† After 20 years of life, I am still faced with the question of â€Å"isn’t Tyler a boy name?† I am a walking Gender Stereotype. I have often come to even ask myselfRead MoreGender Stereotypes1012 Words   |  5 PagesDevelopment of gender stereotypes in children at home and school There are a lot of parents and teachers who communicate gender stereotypes to children while they interact. We also see how parents interact with boys and girls differently based on their gender. For example, some parents want their children to know that anything with pink is for girls, and blue is for boys. They observe what their parents can do at home, how and in what level their parents communicate to each other, what kindRead MoreGender Roles : Stereotypes And Stereotypes1873 Words   |  8 PagesI will investigate gender roles alongside misogyny and sexism examining how ideologies have changed overtime focusing on negative and positive representations of women compared to men through crime dramas. Since the feminist movement in the 70’s various crime dramas have increasing numbers of smart, strong leading female protagonists which is now seen as acceptable, advancing contemporary portrayals of women in television by not conforming to stereotypes eradicating them, helping to battle outdatedRead MoreGender And Gender Stereotypes1150 Words   |  5 PagesGender stereotypes are fallacious claims that seem to be inevitable. Labels on individuals create many barriers for their progress in their everyday lives. Aside from assaults of all kinds and being demoted on a regular basis, women are treated unfairly and are seen in a dominant position for stereotypical matters. Jobs and hard work seem to be male dominated fields only. Though they do get pushed down in certain circumstances, it is not as nearly as much as women do. Gender discrimination influencesRead MoreGender Stereotypes732 Words   |  3 Pagessingle-sex schools. UV published that boys who attended single-sex scho ols were twice as likely to pursue interests and careers in subjects such as art, music, drama and foreign languages. In this study, the boys studied were of comparable ability. Gender stereotypes are less constraining at single sex schools, allowing students to explore their strengths. (Novotney, 2011) Although this study is viable, I would disagree with the numbers, I don’t believe that they are twice as likely to pursue interestsRead MoreGender Stereotypes1847 Words   |  8 PagesLiving in 21st century United States, being a  much more liberal  and inclusive environment than prior decades, gender â€Å"roles† and their normalities are being severely questioned and challenged. Americans have defined and established gender stereotypes that have become a critical part of how we look at gender roles and create biases about each gender. Stereotypes assume people who belong to a group will appear, behave, look, speak or sound like others from that group. The valu es, norms, practicesRead MoreGender And Gender Stereotypes1141 Words   |  5 PagesGender and race stereotypes are primordial. They have existed forever and are still prevalent in today’s society. The most prominent of these are feminine, masculine, and race stereotypes. With these stereotypes, it can easily be demeaning and make people feel trapped. Films, childrens books, literacy, and fairy tales often convey these stereotypes. Females have been seen as the lesser gender for years. Women are seen as weak, insecure, and dependent people. They are most typically portrayed as

The Word free essay sample

It is probably the hurtful racial word ever created. It is a word known primarily as a means to degrade African Americans. The word packs such power to represent overt racial hatred; most people regardless of race will not even say it. In the dictionary the word nigger means, usually offensive, a member of any dark-skinned race and ignorant. The n word is word used to cause pain to African American people it is used to offend us so use it. It is a degrading word; a word that whit people used to as they use to say put us in our place. So why do we think it is ok to us it as a term of endearment. It was used as a word that brought our ancestors so much pain so why do we feel it ok to use it when they fought so hard to end the use of the word against them. We will write a custom essay sample on The Word or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The NAACP had a funeral for the N as a way to put an end of use of the word, as a way to show the world that the word had no more meaning or pain when used as a put down, but the world still uses the word. Some people don’t even know the meaning of the word but still use it thinking its cool or the thing to do. Since the meaning of the word changed in the African American community people think its ok to use if you change the ending of the word from â€Å"er† to an â€Å"a† it is still the same word and in turn has the same meaning and should still not be used. Most people do not even know what the word means. t a word that brings pain to African American people and remind us that we are inferior and beneath white people. And we use it as a term of love, endearment. Changing the meaning dose not erase the pain it caused to our ancestors. The word should not be used especially by African American people in college because being in college shows that you are educated to get this far and the word means you are ignorant not educated, and in turn degrading yourself .

Royal Air Force Essay Example

Royal Air Force Paper This quote from Bennis (cited in Hooper Potter 2000) goes to the heart of the current debate about Leadership and explains, in part, why so many people are discovering that it is difficult to be an effective leader. There are numerous leadership models espoused by various individuals and organisations, from politicians to academics, multi-national conglomerates to military organisations. They have various threads that inter-weave and draw from each other, quite often overlapping, all have there limitations and criticisms. The Transformational Leadership Model is just one of them, which developed over a period, within a cohesive environment, not in isolation. Therefore, as will be identified throughout this essay there are strands of transformational leadership in numerous leadership models. Initially, transformational leadership will be defined and then compared against Bass Full Range Leadership Model, this will then be followed by an introduction into military leadership before analysing the Royal Air Forces current leadership attributes against the tenets of transformational leadership. Indeed, whilst the RAFs leadership attributes are fairly recent in their publication, 2007, we will ask ourselves whether previous generations of leaders have displayed the qualities of a transformational leader. For this purpose, an example of an excellent strategic RAF Leader, Air Chief Marshall Sir Arthur Bomber Harris will be evaluated against the Transformational Leadership Model. The first question to answer then is, what is transformational leadership? We will write a custom essay sample on Royal Air Force specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Royal Air Force specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Royal Air Force specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Burns (1978) proposed that transformational leadership is a relationship of shared stimulation and elevation that converts followers into leaders and may convert leaders into moral agents. Burns concepts were further developed by Bass and Avolio (1994) who suggested that the transactional leader recognises and exploits an existing need or demand of a potential follower (Bass 1998), however, beyond that, the transformational leader looks for potential motives in followers, seeks to satisfy higher needs and engages the full person of the follower. According to Saddler (1997) Transformational Leadership is the process of engaging the commitment of employees in the context of shared values and shared vision that is linked to trust and, according to Bass and Avolio (1990) and Bass (1998), the four tenets of Transformational Leadership are: a. Idealised Influence. The power of a person to have intense effects on a group of followers and is characterised by self-confidence, even when things are going awry, self-determination and an ability to inspire loyalty or as stated by Northouse (1997) provide followers with a vision and a sense of mission. This might otherwise be termed charisma, which brings it close to the traits concept of leadership1. b. Inspirational Motivation. The ability through the leaders actions to lift people beyond their own expectations. It rouses followers to deliver extra effort and inspires a belief in the cause. It creates and communicates a compelling vision of what is required and builds commitment. c. Individualised Consideration. This is the consideration for others that transformational leaders show, in particular, towards their development. This factor is also marked by a willingness to listen, the readiness to delegate and the ability to appreciate a job well done. d. Intellectual Stimulation. Followers are stimulated to think about their own situation and to assess their values and beliefs. They become aware of problems and involved in their own solutions. The paradigm stresses empowerment, with the dominant interest of the leader being to establish the correct climate and support structures so that individuals can achieve organisational goals. In the mid-1980s, Bass expanded and refined the work of Burns (1978) and House (1971) by focussing on the emotional components and origins of charisma, suggesting that charisma is a necessary, but not sufficient requirement for transformational leadership. Bass expanded on his own work in 1990, joining with Avolio in 1994 to combine the transactional, transformational, and non-leadership factors to provide the Full Range Leadership Model (Northouse 1997). This model is the cornerstone of the post-industrial school of leadership (Rost 1993). The non-leadership factor in the model is the laissez-faire (LF) approach, and represents the lack of leadership. The transactional leadership component entails three factors: contingent reward (CR), management-by-exception passive (MBE-P), and management-by-exception active (MBE-A). The CR style is where the leader gains accord regarding accepted performance standards and then provides suitable rewards when the standards are achieved. This provides a strong incentive to followers and is reasonably effective. MBE refers to leadership concerning corrective criticism, negative feedback, and negative reinforcement. MBE-P involves the leader waiting until errors, shortfalls and failures become obvious, then reacting to them. MBE-A involves actively seeking indications of poor performance and taking corrective measures (Bass Avolio 1994). This model is not without its critics. Bolden et al (2004) argued that the concepts of Transactional Leadership (fostered on reciprocity) and Transformational Leadership (concerned with hearts and minds) are ambiguous and ill constructed. Ciulla (1998) pointed out that Burns would find it difficult to accept Hitler as a leader because his theory of transformational leadership is clearly a prescriptive one about the nature of morally good leadership supports his view. In contrast, if one considers Bass (1985) definition of transformational leadership, Hitler clearly qualifies. Therefore, given the discord between the theorists it is hardly surprising that those who are exercised with the practicalities of transformational leadership are finding it difficult. An underlying premise of this leadership theory is that different styles of leadership exist simultaneously within the same individual (Bass, 1985). However, numerous studies (Lowe and Gardner, 2000) demonstrating the impact of these styles of leadership on the attitudes and behaviours of employees have dismissed this proposition and focused solely on the separate effect of each of these styles (Lowe, Kroeck Sivasubramaniam, 1996). Having discussed and critiqued transformational leadership, the next stage is to identify Military Leadership and how it is applied in the RAF. The Defence Leadership Centre (2003) identifies Military Leadership as the projection of personality and character to inspire soldiers, sailors, marines and airmen to carry out what is required of them and more. Proficiency in the techniques of leadership is the foremost quality in the skill of command and contributes significantly to operational accomplishment. There is no prescription of leadership and no prearranged style of leader. Military Leadership is a combination of example, influence and compulsion dependent upon the situation. It is transformational in approach and underpinned by the ethos of Mission Command2 and a balance of military attributes, which will be discussed further later. Successful military leaders are individuals who understand themselves, the organisation, the environment in which they operate and the people that they are privileged to lead, considerable similarities with transformational leadership. Furthermore, Mission Command is split into three levels, Strategic, Operational and Tactical (or Team). This is best explained by viewing the below model. In this model, Strategic Leadership refers to leading a whole organisation with overall accountability for the other 2 levels. At this level, leadership is primarily concerned with vision, purpose or mission, alignment, values and communication. Operational Leadership defined as leading a number of teams, leadership is concerned with the implementation of strategy and issues such as enabling success through the determination of appropriate structures and creation of a climate for success. Tactical (or Team) Leadership refers to leading a single unit and requires the leader to balance the needs of the task, the team and the individual as described by the Functional Leadership model (Adair 1983), which has been the basis of the RAFs leadership training for the last thirty years. These attributes are not exclusive to each the level of leadership to which they are appointed in the model, rather that the relative importance of those attributes changes in relation to the leadership context. Adairs (1983) model is not the only model currently being studied by the RAF Leadership Training Centre, others include, the Tannenbaum Schmitt (1958) model of autocratic and democratic styles; the Mouton-Blake Grid (1964); the Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership model (1988); the Ashridge Management/Leadership model (Wynn Guditus 1984) and the Bass and Avolio Full Range Leadership model (Bass Avolio 1994). The later of which is gaining significant interest as the RAF goes through a period of change and transformation. The Functional Approach to Leadership is utilised by the lower echelons of the RAF. This practical model shows what it is that a leader should be doing. Few, if any, other models do this. The three circles of the Functional Approach vary in size (or importance) depending on circumstance, for example, the task can become overwhelmingly big on operations at times but at others if the team and Individual are not attended to and take precedence over the task, the people will be lost to the leader. Within the circles many other leadership models can be accommodated, such as transformational leadership, when a leader considers how to deal with task, team or individual.

The effect of ultraviolet rays on the growth of P. fluoresce essays

The effect of ultraviolet rays on the growth of P. fluoresce essays Rapidly growing bacteria are exposed to constantly changing environments and must be able to adapt quickly if they are to survive and successfully compete with other organisms. Unless they take advantage of the change and respond quickly they will be crowded out by other organisms (Nester, 2004). There are many factors in the environment that are subject to change, for example availability of nutrients, water, oxygen, temperature and even effects of ultraviolet (UV) light. The modeling of the response of living organisms to a change in environment is an important issue of current interest. An example is the effect of ultraviolet radiation on biological systems (Delprato, 2001). UV rays are short waves of invisible light. A bacterium has three different mechanisms to adapt to their changing environment. One involves genetic modification or mutation. When an organism is exposed to UV radiation, covalent bonds between thymine molecules of the same DNA strand are formed called thymine dimers. The covalent bonding between these two molecules distort the DNA strand, damaging it in such a way that the DNA can neither be replicated nor transcribed at the site of mutation. Bacteria as well as other organisms are able to overcome this type of damage and repair themselves. An enzyme, in the presence of visible light, is used to break the covalent bonds. This process is called photoreactivation. Photoreactivation restores the bacterial DNA to its original state, thus allowing for replication and transcription. This process is thought to be important component of the bacterial arsenal in the repair or reversal of UV mediated DNA damage (Kim, 2001). Another mechanism to repair UV damage is called dark repair. It is called dark repair because it takes place in the absence of light. Dark repair involves another enzyme that excises the damaged segment from a strand of DNA and yet another enzyme repairs the resulting break by synth...

"Al Futtaim Group" current industry situation Essay

"Al Futtaim Group" current industry situation - Essay Example It grew by ten percent to reach three billion and six hundred billion. Majid Al Futtaim issued its first ten year fifty million dollar bond in May 2014. This extended the life average life of the portfolio of the company. The bond was the first issuance since 2010 and also the longest tenure achieved in Dubai by a corporate issuer. The company optimized its debt portfolio since it had strong liquidity and a solid financial performance in the banking market. They also received the most innovative treasury award from Global Capital (Browne, 1999. Pp52). In January 2015, Majid Al Futtaim which is the leading shopping mall, retail and leisure pioneer across North Africa and the Middle East reported a steady growth as it prepared for a further regional expansion. The company continues to develop a strong balance sheet with assets valued at more than forty five billion AED and net debt of around eight billion AED. The standard and poor’s and Fitch Rating reaffirms the company’s investment-grade ratings of BBB which is a stable outlook during the year. The company has a vision of future expansion across North Africa and the Middle East and to bring innovative new experiences to new populations strongly focusing on Egypt and Saudi Arabia (Shaw-Smith, 2015.

Positive and negative externalities Research Paper - 1

Positive and negative externalities - Research Paper Example It will also highlight solutions to mitigate these externalities. It will finally analyze the different stakeholders involved in the externalities and their role regarding the externality There are negative externalities related to environmental consequences. An example of a negative externality with environmental consequences is pollution. There are different forms of pollution; air, water and noise. Air pollution has public health implications, and causes damage to buildings and crops. Water pollution has the potential to cause harm to humans, plants and animals. Noise pollution on the other hand might cause disruptions, both mentally and psychologically, to people and animals. Public goods are an example of a positive externality. These are goods whose benefits people cannot be excluded from enjoying. Public goods include clean water, public defense, law enforcement, social amenities and so on. These goods are accessible to most people in the society (Tulkens & Chander, 2006). If businesses start accepting payments online for the services and goods they offer, these actions can lead to a negative externality. This means that clients no longer need to buy paper cheques in order to pay, a situation which means that cheque printing firms will lose revenues. This can also result into unemployment especially for employees charge with the role of processing cheques. In the course of the operation of a company, there are byproducts created. These by products make their way into the environment and cause pollution. Air pollution results from the burning of fossil fuels in industries. Water pollution occurs when industrial wastes are deposited into water sources. Noise pollution occurs in situations where the production process emits destructive sounds that get into the atmosphere. Public goods exist for the satisfaction of the needs of the entire society. These goods exist so that everyone in the society can benefit from them. If such goods did not

A Foundation Course Essay Example for Free

A Foundation Course Essay Maslow suggested heredity played a strong role in personality development. The essence of the kind of person was established in the genetic structure, and the environment determined which part to unfold or become actualized. The issue of nature versus nurture was considered in his theory. Maslow adopted a growth-directions theory in that a person grew gradually from one kind of individual toward being a different kind. Another prominent figure is Carl Rogers. Both Maslow and Rogers believed human nature was intrinsically good and embraced self-actualization as the empirical principle. Rogers introduced the person-centred therapy. Therapist offered personal congruence, unconditional positive regard and accurate empathic understanding in a therapeutic relationship. Research methodologies employed by humanistic psychologists were mainly introspection investigative techniques. Individuals were analysed from the inside. Humanistic psychologists were of the view that the perfect example of an individuals personal experience was found in ones thoughts and feelings. They did not claim to be objective. Instead, they were intent on this subjective interchange of a relationship that uncovered the personal knowledge of another individual. Strengths of humanistic psychology were that the theorists proposed a positive, optimistic picture of humans. This was in contrast to behaviorism which was accused of reducing individuals to a system of observable acts, thereby missing the human aspects, and was in contrast to Freuds psychoanalysis SS101-TMA05 Marisa Lee 93512450 11 September 2000 Pg 11/12 which was accused of adopting a negative model of humanity, emphasizing on neurotic behaviour. The humanistic approach was notable for its concern for the individuals hopes and plans for the future, which was being neglected in many other theories. One other major strength of humanistic theory was its insistence on the importance of unique personal experiences. The insistence on the importance of unique personal experiences mentioned above had also become one of humanistic theorys weaknesses in that the unique experience made it imprecise when communicating the essence of one persons experience to another. The theory is lack of falsifiability as instrospection was the principal investigate technique. Humanistic psychologists were subjective in validating their theory. They trusted their own feelings and logic more than objective data. By concentrating on the self, other parts of an individual like bio-electrochemical nature, analytical abilities, memory systems were left untouched. Conclusions Psychologists while attempting to explain behaviour of individuals, adopted a varied basis of assumptions, and different images of mankind evolved. The concept that man acts like a machine and reacts to outside forces gives rise to the mechanistic view of mankind. Another concept that mans behaviour can be explained via bringing out their memories in the unconscious renders the psychoanalytic image of mankind. An alternative view that man seeks to aspire oneself by fulfilling the hierarchy of needs gives rise to the SS101-TMA05 Marisa Lee 93512450 11 September 2000 Pg 12/12 humanistic image of mankind. Man can be viewed differently but there is not a theory that explains all. To have a more comprehensive understanding of mans behaviour, a combined study of all the different images of mankind would be helpful. References : 1. Swales, C. (1991). Social Sciences : A Foundation Course, Psychology 2, Units 17 18. The Open University of Hong Kong. 2. Faw, T. and Belkin, G. S. (1989). Child Psychology. McGraw-Hill, Inc. P. 12-31. 3. Thomas, R. Murray. (2000). Comparing Theories of Child Development. 5th Edition. Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. Chapter 5. 4. Berk, Laura E. (1998). Development through the Lifespan. Allyn Bacon. P. 15-18. 5. Woolf. Theoretical Perspectives Relevant to Developmental Psychology  http://www.webster.edu

The Effect of Cultural Difference on Intercultural Marriage Essay

The Effect of Cultural Difference on Intercultural Marriage As the world integrates, more and more people are leaving their mother lands to visit, study and work overseas. Young people now have more opportunities to meet prospective partners from other cultures than they had in the past. â€Å"The number of intercultural couples is increasing worldwide.† (Klein, par.3) Many intercultural couples claim that their relationships do not differentiate from monoculture relationships at first. Passionate love bonds them. When their relationships come to a stable stage after a while, however, cultural difference immerges. The couples can certainly benefit from cultural difference yet they also have to face the challenges resulted from it. This paper will examine such effect that cultural difference takes on intercultural marriage According to Dugan Romano, intercultural couples increase self-knowledge by being forced to examine and define their own values, ideas, and prejudices. (Romano 179) They all feel richer and less parochial after they spend many years together trying to work things through. They are able to be exposed into other cultures thoroughly as well as to strengthen the understandings of their own cultures. Cultural difference also introduces more lifestyle options to intercultural couples, which will enrich their life. Even if a couple ends up choosing one’s home country as their permanent residence, they will definitely visit the other’s hometown pretty often. Sometimes they live in a third country, which means they’ll go to both of their home countries from time to time. They have chances to travel in many places, experience different customs, and have friends from diverse backgrounds. â€Å"My mom told me it was her int... ... For people who are considering entering intercultural marriage, it is very important to seriously weigh the pros and cons of the cultural difference before making a final decision. Works Cited Drumm, Tamula. â€Å"Mixed Marriage- Why Expats Marry Forefingers and Then What Happens.† Transitions Abroad July/ August 2001 Transitions Abroud Publishing, Inc. . Klein, Amy. â€Å"Marrying Across Cultures.† Studio Classroom April 2004 Studio Classroom Magazine . Larabell, Joseph. â€Å"Sobering Advice for Anyone Contemplating a Across-cultural Marriage.† Joseph L.(Joe) Larabell the Suburban Eclectic 9 June 2003 Joseph Larabell . Romano, Dugan. Intercultural Marriage/Promises and Pitfalls. Yarmouth, MN: Intercultural P, 1997. Xu, Mingyang. â€Å"A Chinese-American Mixed Marriage---A Mini Story.† Hua Xia Wen Zhai CND Magazine March 1993 China News Digest International, Inc. .

Digital Fortress Chapter 9

Systems security technician Phil Chartrukian had only intended to be inside Crypto a minute-just long enough to grab some paperwork he'd forgotten the day before. But it was not to be. After making his way across the Crypto floor and stepping into the Sys-Sec lab, he immediately knew something was not right. The computer terminal that perpetually monitored TRANSLTR's internal workings was unmanned and the monitor was switched off. Chartrukian called out, â€Å"Hello?† There was no reply. The lab was spotless-as if no one had been there for hours. Although Chartrukian was only twenty-three and relatively new to the Sys-Sec squad, he'd been trained well, and he knew the drill: There was always a Sys-Sec on duty in Crypto†¦ especially on Saturdays when no cryptographers were around. He immediately powered up the monitor and turned to the duty board on the wall. â€Å"Who's on watch?† he demanded aloud, scanning the list of names. According to the schedule, a young rookie named Seidenberg was supposed to have started a double shift at midnight the night before. Chartrukian glanced around the empty lab and frowned. â€Å"So where the hell is he?† As he watched the monitor power up, Chartrukian wondered if Strathmore knew the Sys-Sec lab was unmanned. He had noticed on his way in that the curtains of Strathmore's workstation were closed, which meant the boss was in-not at all uncommon for a Saturday; Strathmore, despite requesting his cryptographers take Saturdays off, seemed to work 365 days a year. There was one thing Chartrukian knew for certain-if Strathmore found out the Sys-Sec lab was unmanned, it would cost the absent rookie his job. Chartrukian eyed the phone, wondering if he should call the young techie and bail him out; there was an unspoken rule among Sys-Sec that they would watch each other's backs. In Crypto, Sys-Secs were second-class citizens, constantly at odds with the lords of the manor. It was no secret that the cryptographers ruled this multibillion-dollar roost; Sys-Secs were tolerated only because they kept the toys running smoothly. Chartrukian made his decision. He grabbed the phone. But the receiver never reached his ear. He stopped short, his eyes transfixed on the monitor now coming into focus before him. As if in slow motion, he set down the phone and stared in open-mouthed wonder. In eight months as a Sys-Sec, Phil Chartrukian had never seen TRANSLTR's Run-Monitor post anything other than a double zero in the hours field. Today was a first. TIME ELAPSED: 15:17:21 â€Å"Fifteen hours and seventeen minutes?† he choked. â€Å"Impossible!† He rebooted the screen, praying it hadn't refreshed properly. But when the monitor came back to life, it looked the same. Chartrukian felt a chill. Crypto's Sys-Secs had only one responsibility: Keep TRANSLTR â€Å"clean†-virus free. Chartrukian knew that a fifteen-hour run could only mean one thing-infection. An impure file had gotten inside TRANSLTR and was corrupting the programming. Instantly his training kicked in; it no longer mattered that the Sys-Sec lab had been unmanned or the monitors switched off. He focused on the matter at hand-TRANSLTR. He immediately called up a log of all the files that had entered TRANSLTR in the last forty-eight hours. He began scanning the list. Did an infected file get through? he wondered. Could the security filters have missed something? As a precaution, every file entering TRANSLTR had to pass through what was known as Gauntlet-a series of powerful circuit-level gateways, packet filters, and disinfectant programs that scanned inbound files for computer viruses and potentially dangerous subroutines. Files containing programming â€Å"unknown† to Gauntlet were immediately rejected. They had to be checked by hand. Occasionally Gauntlet rejected entirely harmless files on the basis that they contained programming the filters had never seen before. In that case, the Sys-Secs did a scrupulous manual inspection, and only then, on confirmation that the file was clean, did they bypass Gauntlet's filters and send the file into TRANSLTR. Computer viruses were as varied as bacterial viruses. Like their physiological counterparts, computer viruses had one goal-to attach themselves to a host system and replicate. In this case, the host was TRANSLTR. Chartrukian was amazed the NSA hadn't had problems with viruses before. Gauntlet was a potent sentry, but still, the NSA was a bottom feeder, sucking in massive amounts of digital information from systems all over the world. Snooping data was a lot like having indiscriminate sex-protection or no protection, sooner or later you caught something. Chartrukian finished examining the file list before him. He was now more puzzled than before. Every file checked out. Gauntlet had seen nothing out of the ordinary, which meant the file in TRANSLTR was totally clean. â€Å"So what the hell's taking so long?† he demanded of the empty room. Chartrukian felt himself break a sweat. He wondered if he should go disturb Strathmore with the news. â€Å"A virus probe,† Chartrukian said firmly, trying to calm himself down. â€Å"I should run a virus probe.† Chartrukian knew that a virus probe would be the first thing Strathmore would request anyway. Glancing out at the deserted Crypto floor, Chartrukian made his decision. He loaded the viral probe software and launched it. The run would take about fifteen minutes. â€Å"Come back clean,† he whispered. â€Å"Squeaky clean. Tell Daddy it's nothing.† But Chartrukian sensed it was not â€Å"nothing.† Instinct told him something very unusual was going on inside the great decoding beast.

The Novel The Spirit Level I Came Into Inequality

While reading The Spirit Level I came into conclusion that the inequality in developed countries is great threat to society as a whole. The major issues that are brought up in the book are the inequality between the rich and the poor in developed countries but also the comparison between developing countries. The book dives into several factors that are the effects of the inequality ranging from obesity, teenage birth, life expectancy etc.†¦ I would discuss in depth on each of these factors and how they all are key components in society and how they add to the inequality in developed countries. One of the first factors the book brings up is the issue of trust and how it is a main factor in society, trust is what keeps us from not turning on each other and seeing others as cooperative rather than competitive. According to the book â€Å" trust has fallen from a high 60 percent from 1960 to a low of less than 40 percent in 2004†, this facts gives insight into the society we are living in now. When I read this, I could only think of the mindset many people have now, job security is tight and that everyone is seen as competition. I for one living in America I always have a sense that everyone wants to be on top, and they are willing to do everything to get the job or position, instead of trying to change the way of selfishness, we are adding to it, especially with social media. 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